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Understanding Gum Disease: Causes, Signs, and Prevention

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Why It Matters

Your gums do more than hold your teeth in place—they help protect your whole-body health. At Hart Family Dentistry in Marietta, GA, Dr. Casey Hart believes that understanding gum disease is the first step toward keeping your smile strong and healthy.

Let’s explore what causes it, how to spot early signs, and the best ways to prevent it for life.

What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease (also called periodontal disease) is an infection of the tissues that support your teeth. It starts with plaque on teeth and gums. Over time, bacteria in plaque cause inflammation and infection.

Gingivitis is the earliest stage. Gums may look red or swollen and bleed easily. If untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where gums pull away from teeth, bone is lost, and teeth can loosen or fall out.

Causes of Gum Disease

Several factors increase the risk of gum disease:

  • Poor brushing and flossing habits
  • Smoking or tobacco use
  • Diabetes, which affects infection control
  • Certain medications that reduce saliva
  • Genetics and family history
  • Hormonal changes like pregnancy or menopause

Even health conditions like heart disease are linked to chronic gum infections—showing why oral health matters for your entire body.

How Gum Disease Develops

It often starts quietly. Plaque forms daily. If not removed, it hardens into tartar that traps bacteria.

Early gum inflammation (gingivitis) can be reversed with better care. But if ignored, the infection spreads below the gumline. Periodontitis damages the bone and tissues supporting your teeth.

Signs to Watch For

Common symptoms of gum disease include:

  • Red, swollen, or tender gums
  • Bleeding when brushing or flossing
  • Persistent bad breath
  • Receding gums
  • Loose or shifting teeth

If you notice any of these, it’s important to see Dr. Casey Hart for an evaluation.

How Gum Disease Affects Overall Health

Bacteria from gum infections don’t just stay in the mouth. They can enter the bloodstream, contributing to:

  • Heart disease
  • Stroke
  • Diabetes complications
  • Respiratory infections
  • Pregnancy complications

Taking care of gum disease is caring for your whole body.

Preventing Gum Disease

The best approach is prevention. Dr. Hart recommends:

  • Brushing twice daily with fluoride toothpaste
  • Flossing every day
  • Using antibacterial mouthwash if advised
  • Avoiding tobacco
  • Eating a healthy, balanced diet
  • Scheduling regular dental cleanings and exams

With these habits, you can avoid many problems before they start.

Ready to Protect Your Smile—and Your Health?

At Hart Family Dentistry in Marietta, GA, Dr. Casey Hart is here to help you prevent, diagnose, and treat gum disease with expert, compassionate care.

Call 770.926.8371 or schedule your appointment online today to take the first step toward healthier gums and a stronger, more confident smile.